Synthetic Cannabinoids (SCs) K2 clinical manifestation-A literature review

Introduction There has been an increase in the use of new psychoactive substances containing synthetic cannabinoids recent years. It is also known as K2, spice, or fake weed, and these are popular recreational drugs [Kourouni I et al. JAMA NetW Open 2020 Jul; 1;3(7): e208516]. CB1 agonists SCs mimic effects cannabis, making users feel happy relaxed. However, may result unwanted severe consequences such acute anxiety psychosis [Gunderson EW AM J Addict 2012 Jul-Aug; 21(4): 320-6]. Relative to tetra-hydro cannabinol (THC), (SCs) more potent efficacious exert deleterious on health Objectives Our aim this review focus typical presentation help clinicians better understand be vigilant about K2 manifestations Methods In conducting literature review, only English language articles were selected from PubMed Central (PMC) databases through August 14, 2022, using search term “Synthetic k2 clinical manifestation”. Three reviewers conducted initial titles abstracts electronic search, followed by detailed assessments relevant studies. Peer-reviewed Case series, case reports, systematic studies included that met inclusion criteria (articles language, humans, (SC) its manifestations. Results Electronic results showed a total 60 articles. Fifty excluded based title (36 articles), abstract (4 full article (10 articles). series 30 ICU patients (SC intoxication) agitation 33%, bizarre behavior, coma seizure 20%, Acute respiratory failure 60%, Tracheal intubation 70%, Rhabdomyolysis 26%, Invasive mechanical ventilation 40%, kidney injury 26% cardiotoxic effect 1; 3(7): Cross-sectional study 50 male cases altered perception 68%, including auditory visual hallucination, dizziness loss consciousness, palpitation 76%, chest pain 12%, panic attack, convulsion [Abdelmoneim WM Middle East Current Psychiatry 2022; 29 (1): 24]. Literature reviews shown common psychiatric presentations SC anxiety, agitation, psychosis, paranoia, disorientation, alteration mood perception, delusion [Debruyne D Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2015 Oct 20; 6:113-29, Radhakrishnan R Front 2014 May 22;5:54]. Conclusions limited research related human. Based our intoxication can life-threatening besides manifestation. Therefore, must vast SCs. Disclosure Interest None Declared